Bio1100
Chapter 6
DNA and the expression of genes
DNA
is a double
helix
macromolecule made of
nucleotides
.
Sequences of nucleotides called
genes
control cellular functions and make up an individual's
genome
.
Much of the human
genome
are
non-coding
DNA that are not
genes
.
Gene
expression
(exhibiting a
phenotype
) involves 2 steps:
Transcription
involves copying genetic information on
DNA
to a
RNA
transcript.
Translation
involves the production of
proteins
from nucleotide sequences copied onto the
RNA
transcript.
A
mutation
is a
change
in the
DNA
sequence that may affect proteins.