---

Below are a few major topics for this chapter. Note: these are NOT the only topics you should know; you are expected to master everything discussed in this chapter.

• Hint Binary fission of prokaryotes
• Hint Chromosome structure: chromatids and centromeres
• Hint Human karyotype: homologous chromosomes
• Hint Sexual life cycle: haploid and diploid stages, fertilization
• Hint Sex determination
• Hint Cell cycle: interphase and mitosis/cytokinesis
• Hint Cell cycle checkpoints and cancer
• Hint Stages of mitosis
• Hint Stages of meiosis
• Hint Nondisjunction
• Hint Sex chromosome nondisjunction