Bio1100
Chapter 9
Genes and inheritance
Gregor
Mendel
pioneered the study of
inheritance
of observable traits, which we now understand is
based
on
genes
.
A
Punnett
square
can be used to calculate the ratio of
genotypes
and
phenotypes
of offspring based on
probability
.
A
testcross
can be used to
determine
the genotype of a
dominant
individual.
Many
traits
exhibit non-Mendelian inheritance.
Incomplete
dominance
results when alternative alleles are not fully dominant or fully recessive.
Human blood types
exhibit
codominance
due to
antigen
proteins
.
Some genes reside on the
X
chromosome, and exhibit sex-linked
inheritance
patterns.