"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." - Ernst Haeckel

Supplementary videos

Charles Darwin biography (Discovery Education)
Vampire Finch: this Ground Finch is annoying but resourceful
The extinct banana: perils of genetic fixation
Collecting turkey semen: it's a dirty job (male cloaca and phallus)
Inseminating turkeys: they can't do it (female cloaca: oviduct and poop hole)
Caspian Terns cloacal kiss: how they do it
Darwin's pigeons: artificial selection
Monito del Monte: a South American marsupial
Archaeopteryx: the feathered dinosaur
Birds Lost Their Teeth over 100 Million Years Ago - genome data December 2014
Whales and hippos, oh my: show me the intermediate fossils (University of Nebraska State Museum)
Ancient walking whale with hooves discovered in Peru - 43 million years old (April 2019)
Analogous bird beaks: convergent evolution between hummingbird and sunbird
Homologous structures: Hox gene in embryos (What Darwin Didn't Know)
Galapagos Finch Evolution: Peter and Rosemary Grant
Evolution of of human color vision: duplication and mutation of opsin gene
Why do men have nipples?: not all traits are perfect or are adaptations

Extra credit readings

• Darwin's theory of atoll formation The voyage of the Beagle 1839
• Darwin's study on barnacles Living Cirripedia 1954
• Darwin's experiments on mud on birds' feet The Origin of Species 1859
• Darwin's sexual selection theory best explanation for gender differences Mizzou Weekly 4/22/10
• Darwin's study on plant hormones The Power of Movement of Plants 1881
• Darwin's Earthworm Experiments Broke New Ground NPR 2/12/09
• On the Origin of Darwin's Finches Molecular Biology and Evolution 10/24/2000
• Yes, we have no bananas The Economist 5/1/14
• How Hunting is Driving "Evolution in Reverse." Newsweek 1/2/09
• Arctic Inuit, Native American cold adaptations may originate from extinct hominids Phys.org 12/20/16
• The Secret To The Inuit High-Fat Diet May Be Good Genes NPR: The Salt 9/17/15
• New Fossils Challenge Marsupial Evolution Theory Sci-News 7/25/13
• Archaeopteryx: The Transitional Fossil Science 4/28/15
• International team maps Big Bang of bird speciation Genome 10K 12/11/14
• Is The Hippopotamus The Closest Living Relative To The Whale? University of Calgary 3/19/2009
• Peruvian fossils yield a four-legged otterlike whale with hooves The Society for Science & the Public 4/5/2019
• If pharyngeal slits turn into gills, why don't humans have gills? University of Waikato 5/31/11
• Human and great ape hemoglobin U. of Michigan
• Why do men have nipples? 6/18/79

Additional material

• Plate tectonics animation
• Blind spot test: imperfect adaptation for sight