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Below are a few major topics for this chapter. Note: these are NOT the only topics you should know; you are expected to master everything discussed in this chapter.

• Hint Classification and binomial nomenclature
• Hint Evolutionary tree
• Hint Monophyletic groups (clades)
• Hint Molecular phylogeny
• Hint Three-domain phylogeny: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
• Hint Allopatric speciation
• Hint Sympatric speciation