"An inefficient virus kills its host, a clever virus stays with it." - James Lovelock

Supplementary videos

Poliovirus Vaccine Trial Shows Promise for Brain Tumor
Better batteries through viruses
HIV life cycle: reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease HIV diversity
HIV treatment: AZT blocks reverse transcriptase (HHMI)
HIV treatment: Ritonavir protease inhibitor (HHMI)
HIV treatment: Raltegravir inhibits integrase by binding to Magnesium ions
Retroviruses and retroviral-like transposons: jumping viruses
Endogenous retroviruses: life cycle and ancestral implications
Repetitive DNA: LINEs, SINEs, and ALUs (transposons); whales and hippos, oh my
Relenza Flu Drug: inhibits Neuraminidase surface protein that frees the virus from host
Therapeutic antibodies neutralize the flu virus: an alternative to vaccines?
Genetic recombination in flu virus (Note: no crossing over) (HHMI)
H1N1: Swine flu life cycle
Dengue Virus structure: like other flaviviruses such as Zika and West Nile
Dengue virus enters cell by endocytosis (HHMI)

Extra credit readings

• Herpes Virus Used As Nanomachines For Cancer Treatment ScienceDaily ScienceDaily
• Influenza virus RNA genome Virology Blog 5/1/09
• The parasitic wasps that are genetically modifying butterflies Daily Mail 9/18/15
• Modern humans inherited viral defenses from Neanderthals Stanford University 10/4/18
• Jumping species: How HIV entered our world Rockefeller University 7/30/13
• Hunting Fossil Viruses in Human DNA New York Times 1/11/10
• Endogenous retroviruses Retrovirology 10/3/06
• Engineered immune cells seem to block HIV CBS News 3/5/14
• Neutralizing flu virus, and killing infected cells Elsevier 2006

Additional material

• Dengue virus lecture by Eva Harris, 2010 6:30-8:00 enters cell by endocytosis