Bio1100
Chapter 36
Ecosystems
Ecology
is the study of interactions of living organisms with one
another
(community) and their physical
environment
(ecosystem).
Energy
flows
in one direction through
trophic
levels of an ecosystem, forming a complex
food
web
.
Energy
is lost as
heat
at each trophic
level
; only about
10%
of the energy is available for the next level.
The
tilt
of the earth affects climate due to differential solar
radiation
that reaches the globe.
The
rotation
of the earth around its axis casts a rain
shadow
on the leeward side of
mountains
.
Unlike energy, the physical components of ecosystems are reused in
biochemical
cycles
.
Ocean
ecosystems are affected by
light
penetration and
temperature
.
Terrestrial
ecosystems are defined by
temperature
and
precipitation
patterns.